Chapters

This paper examines the circular economy’s application in addressing sustainability challenges, focusing on organic waste and peri-urban futures. Critically reflecting on the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s definition of circularity, we explore how waste minimization and ecosystem regeneration align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) like climate action and responsible production. Realising this more ambitious and transformational version of circularity involves us in a process of redrawing the “circle” and in the process reimagining economies. We explored this possibility through a case focused on redirecting organic waste, in particular spent coffee grounds, from urban centres to peri-urban farms.

Many, if not all, of the foods humans consume on a daily basis (from kimchi to yogurt and beer) are the result of both human and nonhuman labor. Nonhuman labor refers to “work” that is done by nonhuman actors to produce food and other valuable products. This labor can take many forms, including living, eating, growing, reproducing, and metabolizing nature to meet one’s biophysical needs. Although labor is a social and relational process that cannot be understood outside of human economies, there are merits to extending this concept to nonhumans, whose labor is often rendered invisible, natural, or instinctual. Even the ability to digest food is a more-than-human accomplishment, realized in collaboration with gut bacteria.

We re-visit our chapter, "Economy as Ecological Livelihood" ten years later to unpack many of the ways it has reproduced colonialism in its framing and articulation. Seeking to take responsibility for our mistakes, we hope this self-critique can be generative of further work to better align community economies and livelihoods thinking with anti-colonial and decolonial priorities and movements. 

Eco-communities envision and enact practices which make a double movement: away from the ecologically destructive tendencies demonstrated by contemporary societies, and towards shared, participatory alternatives which are socially and environmentally non-exploitative. In spite of this statement, Freetown Christiania has a complex relationship with environmental sustainability, lacking many of the common understandings of that concept which underlie pro-environmental collective action (Verco 2018; Winter 2016). It also consistently deviates from many of the usual tropes or imaginaries of an eco-community, given its location in the heart of a major capital city and the absence of community-based food production.

‘Earthcare’ is a term that is emerging in environmental humanities from feminist and indigenous research and practice that aims to capture the historical relations of care between humans and nature. By bringing together the terms ‘earth’ and ‘care,’ ’Earthcare’ refers to the life-making and life-sustaining activities that maintain humans and more-than-humans in their lifeworlds. I use the term ‘care’ to mean the social, political, ecological, and embodied processes necessary to nurture relationships, responsibilities, and accountabilities for flourishing lifeworlds. I use the term ‘Earth’ to refer to all aspects of life on the planet.

Toi Taiao Whakatairanga (TTW) is a three-year transdisciplinary artistic research project based in Aotearoa, New Zealand. TTW explores the ways arts practices can contribute to public awareness of two plant pathogens threatening native tree species – kauri dieback and myrtle rust. The project commissioned and curated Māori artists to create artworks through engaging with iwi (tribes), hapū (sub-tribes), communities, mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and Western science. In this chapter, we discuss two art projects from Te Tai Rāwhiti, on the East Coast of New Zealand’s North Island.

Community economy scholars are interested in performing and activating more-than-capitalist visions of economy. One of the ways they do this is through mapping. This chapter begins with an exploration of the use and value of maps and mapping in community economies research with links to heritage practice. It then examines two specific examples of community economies mapping across the Australia-Asia region. The first example reveals how inventory-based mapping across Australia and Asia can act as a performative strategy for opening up ‘the economy’ to diverse trajectories for economic development.

Solidarity economy is at once an economic framework, a social movement, and an intervention into and away from the ontological foundations of colonial capitalism. This short essay briefly outlines and traces the history and development of solidarity economy as a formal, named project. Drawing from fifteen years of engaged activist ethnography in Massachusetts, the essay then explores the expansion of solidarity economy discourse in the United States and beyond, concomitant with the violence of neoliberalism and the increasing incoherence and unraveling of the dominant order.

This chapter explores two case studies that highlight the author's recent work co-designing frameworks and tools to preserve the heritage and knowledge of Mapuche community economies and livelihoods in Chile. While both case studies operate within a Mapuche framework, the approach and aims differ due to the distinct landscapes, biospheres and economic contexts where they are enacted. The first case study focuses on the Mapuche communities in a mountainous region near the border of Argentina, where their presence and significance have been largely overlooked in a heavily extracted tourism setting. The second case study takes place in a coastal wetland context, where colonial farming practices have degraded the land and waters.

This chapter provides an overview of the contributions of Gibson-Graham to heterodox economics. It discusses (i) the re-framing of economic representation through the theory of Diverse Economies; (ii) the development of postcapitalist alternatives through the perspective of Community Economies; and (iii) the building of economic knowledge commons through CEI and the CERN network.

The climate catastrophe and transgression of planetary boundaries, together with the erosion of democracy and rise of oligarchy, have intensified demands for critical reflection on capitalism. This edited collection responds to these demands, featuring contributions from scholars across the social sciences disciplines and geographical contexts. The book explores ways to rethink and retheorise capitalism through theoretical, conceptual, and empirical contributions. Some contributions propose ways to reform capitalism, some emphasise the need to examine it as part of diverse more-than-capitalist economic arrangements, while others invite us to reflect on what might come after capitalism.

For nearly a century, Western Sydney has grown as a suburban frontier, now accommodating one in ten Australians. However, the region faces imminent threats from anthropogenic climate change, with heat, drought, fire, and flood poised to render parts uninhabitable within decades. Despite city-wide discussions on climate preparedness, the input of everyday residents, particularly migrant and low-income communities, is often overlooked. Our research highlights the valuable insights these residents offer on coping with environmental extremes both inside and outside their homes. Yet, these insights are side-lined by a focus on technical solutions, neglecting more socially oriented approaches.

This chapter explores the possibilities of interweaving drama and storytelling with mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and Western science to foster students’ ecological understanding and citizenship in relation to ngahere ora (forest health).

The concept of the commons has gained traction across multiple disciplines as researchers explore ways we might live ‘in common’ with other people and the world around, and with consideration for the wellbeing of current and future generations. This chapter traces how the work of human geographers builds on research in other fields, including ecology, political science and history. It shows how human geographers attend to processes of commoning with examples drawn from commons on land, air and sea. 

Community Economies (CE) is a key term in the growing interdisciplinary subfield of diverse economies (DE) scholarship, a perspective that continually grew from the pioneering feminist political economy and economic geography scholarship of J.K. Gibson-Graham (2006). It defines ‘community’ as a space where humans negotiate the terms of our shared coexistence and in which ‘solidarity’ is one possible disposition.

Social and solidarity-oriented and self-governed processes of organizing economic life have

existed since humans have collaborated to survive. However, the conscious demand and con-

ceptual realization of the social aspects of the economy only arose in Western thought with

the emergence of a primarily market-based exploitative economy and the enclosed commons,

forcing working people into capitalism’s system of production and exchange (McMurtry,

2010; Polanyi, 2001 [1944]).

This chapter first reviews the most cited definitions of what is increasingly termed the social

and solidarity economy (SSE), related concepts, and their contextual and theoretical perspec-

This article is an interview with four researchers about the role of community and community-based initiatives in climate adaptation in urban contexts

This chapter draws on two initiatives situated in Thailand and Cambodia, inspired by strength-based capacity building approaches known as ‘asset-based community development’ (ABCD) and ‘Appreciative inquiry’ (Ai). Our approach challenges western-centric conceptions of equality in participatory design and novelty in creative process. In Cambodia, a failed experiment with bamboo furniture led to the re-evaluation of welfare safety nets and sustainable social arrangements.